头骨x射线

定义

一个头骨 x射线 is a picture of the bones surrounding the brain, including the facial bones, 鼻子, 还有鼻窦.

Alternative Names

X-ray - head; X-ray - skull; Skull radiography; Head x射线

How the Test is Performed

You lie on the x射线 table or sit in a chair. Your head may be placed in different positions.

How to Prepare for the Test

Tell the health care provider if you are pregnant or think you are pregnant. Remove all jewelry.

How the Test will Feel

There is little or no discomfort during an x射线. 如果有 头部受伤, positioning the head may be uncomfortable.

Why the Test is Performed

Your doctor may order this x射线 if you have injured your skull. You may also have this x射线 if you have symptoms or signs of a structural problem inside the skull, such as a tumor or bleeding.

一个头骨 x射线 is also used to evaluate an unusually shaped child's head.

Other conditions for which the test may be performed include:

• Teeth are not aligned properly (malocclusion of teeth)
• Infection of the mastoid bone (乳突炎)
• Occupational hearing loss
• Middle ear infection (中耳炎)
• Abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss (耳硬化症)
• Pituitary tumor
• Sinus infection (鼻窦炎)

Sometimes skull x射线s are used to screen for foreign bodies that may interfere with other tests, 比如 核磁共振成像扫描.

A CT scan of the head is usually preferred to a skull x射线 to evaluate most head injuries or brain disorders. 头骨x射线s are rarely used as the main test to diagnose such conditions.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may be due to:

• 骨折
• 肿瘤
• Breakdown (erosion) or calcium loss of the bone
• Movement of the soft tissues inside the skull

一个头骨 x射线 may detect increased intracranial pressure and unusual skull structures that are present at birth (congenital).

风险

There is low radiation exposure. X-rays are monitored and regulated to provide the minimum amount of radiation exposure needed to produce the image. Most experts feel that the risk is low compared with the benefits. Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks associated with x射线s.

参考文献

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Radiography of skull, chest, and cervical spine - diagnostic. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:953-954.

Magee DJ, Manske RC. 头和脸. In: Magee DJ, ed. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 2.

梅特勒FA Jr. Head and soft tissues of face and neck. In: Mettler FA, ed. Essentials of Radiology. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 2.